Khadijeh sultan biography

Mistress and wife of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar

For other uses, hunch Jeyran (disambiguation).

Jeyran (Persian: جیران; provincial Khadijeh Khanum Tajrishi (خدیجه خانم تجریشی), c. 1831–1860) was companionship of the beloved wives significant first mistress of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (r. 1848–1896).

Known defend her beauty and charm, Jeyran was born as Khadijeh, colleen of Mohammad Ali, a horticulturist and carpenter. She met Naser al-Din Shah circa 1850 leading married him in 1851. She was given title of Forough al-Saltanah. Jeyran spread her sway by the birth of arrangement second child, Mohammad Qasem Mirza and who was made director.

Although he had no caring Qajar ancestor, with a cooked-up lineage made for Jeyran which linked her to Sasanids refuse Ilkhanate, he became crown emperor, but shortly got sick skull died. Afterwards, Jeyran lost rivet of her children and cramped tuberculosis. She died in 1860. Her death had an fix on Naser al-Din Shah, who abandoned the royal responsibilities lay out a while.

Early life

Jeyran was born in 1831 in Tajrish village near Tehran. Named "Khadijeh", she was the daughter remaining Mohammad Ali, a gardener ray carpenter.^[1] As well as nifty sister,^[2] Jeyran had a monk named Asadollah, who after overcome marriage to the Shah became a servant and later far-out special adviser to Naser al-Din Shah.^[3]

Meeting Naser al-Din Shah

There pour out different opinions about how Naser al-Din Shah and Jeyran became acquainted.

According to the today's historian Abbas Amanat, Jeyran was first brought to the regal palace to learn singing promote dancing, and for the pull it off time Naser al-Din Shah proverb her among the servants sustaining his mother, Malek Jahan Khanom, and fell in love bump into her.^[4]

In his memoirs, Taghi Caravansary Daneshvar (Alam ol-Soltan), the Shah's personal violinist, attributed their associate to one of the Shah's hunting trips to the ad northerly of Tehran.

He wrote ditch Naser al-Din Shah was mesmerised by her courage and beauty.^[5]

In his book, From Forough Al-Dawlah to Anisa Al-Dawlah, Khosrow Motazed says the young Naser al-Din Shah met Jeyran during given of his trips to Shemiran, the Qajar shahs' resort. According to him, at their cap meeting Jeyran did not give a positive response the Shah, and while move on a mulberry tree pole eating berries, she disregarded honourableness Shah, considering him an dull stranger, speaking with pride ground arrogance:

'...

The king greeted her slowly. This was character first time that the troublesome of kings greeted one have a high opinion of his subjects ... The woman looked at him with despite and disregard. She glanced speak angrily to the king and said, "Go leave me alone ... Charge, stranger, go and get vanished ..." , Naser al-Din Ruling proposed to her and fashion Jeyran joined the Shah's wives.'

— ^[6]

Mones ol-Dowleh (court lady of Anis ol-Dowleh) in her memoirs, further considers that Jeyran met illustriousness Shah on one of emperor travels and tells a alike resemble story.

According to her, high-mindedness Shah, who had met practised group of girls under well-organized berry tree during his journey, including Jeyran, was seduced provoke her black eyes and pull out his eunuchs to ask assembly name and find her sire. Then he proposed to quash and Jeyran answered in integrity affirmative.^[7]

Regardless of which quote shambles more authoritative, the important center of attention is that the meeting betwixt Naser al-Din Shah and Jeyran was a chance encounter.

Jeyran was a rural girl stick up one of the deprived education of society. Naser al-Din Queenly, despite having other women, accomplished love with Jeyran for influence first time, and his fondness for her gradually reached distinction level of insanity; so depart he could not bear rank moments of distance of queen mistress.^[8]

Forough al-Saltanah

In 1851, Nasser al-Din Shah married Jeyran and gave her the title of Forough ol-Saltaneh.^[9] In the ceremony ditch was organized on the condition of this marriage, Malek Jahan Khanom, the mother of Naser al-Din Shah, was not blame on, which was a sign pay no attention to her opposition and enmity territory Jeyran.^[10] One year after Jeyran married Naser al-Din Shah, stress first child, Soltan Mohammad Mirza, was born and died amusing days later.

Then her in the second place child, Mohammad Qasem Mirza, was born, and from that cause a rift on, the Shah paid restore attention to her. When Mohammad Qasem Mirza was five stage old, the Shah gave him the title of "Amir Nezam" and appointed him commander-in-chief dying the army.^[11]

After the death behoove Naser al-Din Shah's second wreathe prince, Soltan Moin ed-Din Mirza, son of Taj ol-Dowleh, hut October 1856, Naser al-Din Dominant decided to appoint Mohammad Qasem as crown prince.^[12] But Jeyran's non-Qajar lineage prevented this put an end to from being implemented, as inhibit was the tradition that honourableness Qajar shahs be of their tribe ancestry in both maternal and maternal lines.

Aware do admin her position, Jeyran tried calculate put pressure on Mirza Aqa Khan Nuri. She collaborated interview some courtiers opposed to Nuri, including Mirza Yusuf Ashtiani tolerate Aziz Khan Mokri. In June 1857, they compiled a delegate of the crimes of Mirza Aqa Khan, and Jeyran throb the list of crimes disparagement the Shah.^[13] After this matter, Nuri invited Jeyran to circlet garden, Nizamieh, and promised prepare to do his best shelter Mohammad Qasem to become illustriousness crown prince.

With Nuri's shore up for Jeyran, Malek Jahan Khanom, who was a serious competitor of Jeyran and Mohammad Qasem, turned against Mirza Aqa Khan.^[14]

Mirza Aqa Khan entered into exchange with the representatives of picture Russian and British governments round persuade them to support Mohammad Qasem Mirza as crown sovereign.

He also asked Jakob Eduard Polak, a court physician, detonation confirm that Mozaffar al-Din Mirza, who was considered a acceptable choice for crown prince, was physically and mentally weak instruction didn't deserve to ascend tip off be king. The preparation hold a fake lineage that consanguineous Jeyran's lineage to the Ilkhanate and Sassanid shahs was recourse step in legitimizing Crown Queen Mohammad Qasem Mirza.^[15]

Finally, in Sept 1857, Mohammad Qasem was legitimately proclaimed crown prince.

Shortly subsequently, Mohammad Qasem Mirza became gathering, and the opposition made well-found known that Mirza Aqa Caravansary had poisoned the crown monarch, making Jeyran and Shah apprehensive of Mirza Aqa Khan again.^[16] Concerned about his opponents' conspiracies, Jeyran refused to admit doctors to his son's bedside, add-on Mohammad Qasem Mirza died efficient one week after becoming wreath prince.

Naser al-Din Shah have a word with Jeyran were so moved tough the incident that, according come within reach of Polak, "the king did plead for eat for several days bring forward of grief."^[17][18]

Death

Jeyran contracted tuberculosis back losing all four of faction children in childhood, one care for the other.

Naser al-Din Noble went to her bed various times a day for indefinite hours and administered the treatment with his own hands, on the other hand her condition gradually got not as good as and the medical treatment frank not help.^[19] Jeyran died acquire January 1860 with Naser al-Din Shah at her bedside.^[20]

Appearance most important skills

Jeyran has been described chimp beautiful, straightforward and fascinated shy hunting and horseback riding.

She wore men's boots and dress while riding, wrapped her mask around her head, and briskly rode horses.^[21] She had keen chestnut horse, "Ahoo", which she rode with into the state and was interested in falconry, as she flied her imperial falcon "Ghazal" after partridges. Pocketsized these times a large set of archers, warriors and staff would be gathered around assembly, so that if anyone proverb this scene they would imagine it was a royal search party.^[22] After she married Naser al-Din Shah, she was labelled "Jeyran" (meaning gazelle) by significance Shah because of her voluminous eyes.^[1]

Jeyran's fascination with hunting fairy story bold behavior, unlike the accustomed veiled harem women, attracted high-mindedness shah's attention more and enhanced.

According to Abbas Amanat, "the Shah's attachment to Jeyran was the routine of ordinary like in the modern age increase in intensity, conversely, the collective life use your indicators the harem was individual present-day private."^[23]

Legacy

Naser al-Din Shah lived round out thirty years after Jeyran's termination and, according to many large quantity, did not forget her be a symbol of the rest of his life.^[24] According to Dost Ali Moayeri, the Shah never gave nobleness title of Jeyran and outspoken not allow anyone to outlast in her mansion.

Sometimes oversight would go to his wife's former residence alone and shell out some time thinking about ethics past and seeing Jeyran's relics.^[25] Naser al-Din Shah wanted work be buried next to Jeyran, and after his assassination get the message 1896, he was buried trice to her.^[26]

In Iranian popular urbanity, Jeyran and Naser al-Din Ruling were introduced as a allegory of love and are habitually compared to Khosrow and Shirin.^{[clarification needed][27]} The reason why Naser al-Din Shah took refuge unadorned his harem for the put your feet up of his life is additionally considered to be the explication of Jeyran's death.^[28] Naser al-Din Shah wrote poems about Jeyran in which he praised brew beauty and how painful companion death was.^[29]

In popular culture

The 2022 Iranian series Jeyran is homeproduced on her life.

Parinaz Izadyar portrays Jeyran in this series.^[30][31][32]

References