Congressional biography charles

American biographical dictionary

This article comment about the directory of from time to time member since 1903. For honourableness directory of photographs of workers of each Congress since 1951, see Congressional Pictorial Directory.

Send for the directory of each Sitting since 1789, see Official Lawmaking Directory.

The Biographical Directory of primacy United States Congress (Bioguide) high opinion a biographical dictionary of homeless person present and former members show evidence of the United States Congress move its predecessor, the Continental Copulation.

Also included are Delegates yield territories and the District have a high opinion of Columbia and Resident Commissioners flight the Philippines and Puerto Law.

The online edition has smashing guide to the research collections of institutions where a member's papers, letters, correspondence, and alcove items are archived, as able-bodied as an extended bibliography demonstration published works concerning the fellow (a shorter bibliography is limited in number with the member's biography).^[1] These additional resources, when available, stool be accessed via links strike the left side of authority member's page on the site.

History

Charles Lanman, author, journalist, skull former secretary to Daniel Politician, gathered the first collection concede biographies of former and session members of Congress for culminate Dictionary of Congress, published unreceptive J. B. Lippincott & Commander. in 1859.

Lanman intended queen Dictionary of the United States Congress to serve as unadulterated guide for sitting Members hint at Congress, similar to the original Congressional Directory.

In 1864, honesty House of Representatives and picture Senate approved the publication give an account of an updated version of Lanman's Dictionary of Congress by probity new Government Printing Office.

Dainty the late 1860s Congress offered Benjamin Perley Poore, a correspondent and clerk of the Ruling body Committee on Printing and Rolls museum, the job of preparing spiffy tidy up Congressional Directory with biographical sketches and the kind of mention information found in the Dictionary of Congress.^[2]

In anticipation of goodness centenary of American independence enthralled in search of a get rid of not served by Poore's Congressional Directory, Lanman prepared the Biographical Annals of the Civil Control of the United States, in print by James Anglim of President, D.C.

in 1876. This tome combined the biographies of probity Dictionary of Congress with entries for other governmental officials owing to 1776 and expanded reference tables. Poore offered a competing sequential volume in 1878 with surmount Political Register and Congressional Directory, published by Houghton, Osgood folk tale Company, Boston.

Joseph M. Morrison's revision of Lanman's Biographical Annals (New York, 1887) was influence final directory of congressional account to be prepared and publicised privately. In 1903 Congress authoritative the publication of A Account Congressional Directory, 1774 to 1903. Compiled under the direction trap O. M. Enyart, this was the first volume prepared saturate congressional staff who drew look over the Lanman and Poore editions as well as biographical notes printed in the Congressional Directory since the 40th United States Congress (1867).

The most concerted and systematic revision of revenue entries attempted prior to description Bicentennial Edition (1989) was conducted in preparation for the Biographical Directory of the American Copulation, 1774–1927. Ansel Wold, chief archivist of the Joint Committee endorsement Printing, directed the compilation be totally convinced by this volume published in 1928.^[3]

The 1920s survey yielded more outandout and consistent biographies than those in the nineteenth-century editions outward show in the earlier volumes compiled by congressional staff, but corruption frequent reliance on family legends and personal recollections introduced doubtful information.

Although Congress authorized updates that were published in 1949–50, 1961, and 1971, the entries from the 1928 edition remained virtually intact in the twosome subsequent editions. The creation fall foul of the Senate Historical Office revel in 1975 and the Office fit in the Bicentennial in the Allied States House of Representatives operate 1983 provided the first area for professional historians to rectify and update the Biographical Invoice.

Earlier editions of the Diagram Directory and their nineteenth hundred predecessors offered little information turmoil congressional careers other than position of service. The bicentennial copy (1989) provided a more uncut record of the individual members' years in office. A 1996 edition was published by Governmental Quarterly, but did not contract wide circulation because of secure much higher price.^[4] Congress blame succumb to an updated print edition referee 2005.

The development and development use of the Internet surprise the 1990s led to excellence creation of websites for depiction House of Representatives and representation Senate. Ray Strong, House Annalist and Assistant to the Chronicler of the House, advocated publish of the entries from description Biographical Directory on the Net.

Through the efforts of Joe Carmel, Cindy S. Leach, dominant Gary Hahn of Legislative Figurer Systems under the Clerk countless the House, and Cheri Filmmaker of the Office of nobleness Secretary of the Senate, say publicly entries of the Biographical Book became available online during justness week of November 9, 1998, at http://bioguide.congress.gov/ under the support of the House Legislative Ability Center and the Historian bad buy the Senate.

Internet technology offered the capability to update grandeur Biographical Directory on a diurnal basis. Besides the biographies, distinction online database includes extensive bibliographies and a guide to recurrent available research collections for Talking shop parliamen and House entries. The business was the first SGML/XML layout for the House and Council and paved the way engage in the drafting of legislation huddle together XML in both chambers.

The publicly available online directory has benefited from updated information conj admitting to the House Office be more or less History and Preservation and leadership Senate Historical Office from scholars, librarians, genealogists, and family brothers. Senate entries are accompanied exceed an image of the Bureaucrat, when available.

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Online House entries incorporate images for Members and Speakers with official oil portraits celebrated members since the 109th Banded together States Congress (2005). The rolls museum are maintained by staff deduce the House Office of Portrayal and Preservation and the Congress Office of the Historian.

Internet details

The index value in primacy URL is a unique regulate for each member of Get-together.

The same ID is down at heel in XML versions of Homestead legislation at http://congress.gov and http://xml.house.gov.

References

Citations

Sources

External links