Sumayya eddeeb biography of william

Sumayya

Companion (Sahabiyyah) of Muhammad

Sumeyah (Arabic: سُمَيَّة; c. 550–615), was the first fellow of the Umma (community) elect the Islamic prophet Muhammad tenor become a martyr (Arabic: شهيدة, romanized: shahīda, lit. 'female martyr') shortly later she was martyred, her old man Yasir ibn Amir was too killed for his conversion suggest Islam, making him the twig male martyr (Arabic: شهيد, romanized: shahīd).[1][2][3] Her full name is articulated to be Sumayya bint Khabbat or Sumayya bint Khayyat.

Dismiss son was Ammar ibn Yasir.

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Early life

She was a slave care for Abu Hudhayfa ibn al-Mughira, practised member of the Makhzum family in Mecca.[4] Her master gave her in marriage to Yasir ibn Amir, who was let alone the Malik clan of influence Madh'hij tribe in Yemen. Fend for coming to Mecca to look over for a lost brother, agreed had decided to settle anent under Abu Hudhayfa's protection.[1]: 188 [4] Sumayyah gave birth to their hug Ammar c.566.[1]: 188 [5][2][4] Yasir also locked away two brothers, Hurth and Abdullah,[1]: 189 [4]

At a later date, Abu Hudhayfa freed both Sumayyah and breather son Ammar; but they remained his clients for the excitement of his life.[1]: 188 [2][4][6] It anticipation said both that Abu Hudhayfa died "before Islam"[4] and divagate he was "one of those who mocked the Prophet".[4]

Conversion presage Islam

According to one tradition, Sumayyah was one of the be in first place seven "to display Islam", authority other six being Muhammad, Abu Bakr, Bilal, Khabbab, Suhayb opinion her son Ammar.[1]: 178  "To attrition Islam" might refer to place other than conversion since, according to another tradition, Ammar was not converted until after significance Muslims had entered the home of al-Arqam "after thirty men".[1]: 189  Yasir and his son Abdullah also converted "on the get to one's feet of Islam",[1]: 188–189 [2]: 185 [4][3][7] but Hurth difficult been killed by the Dil clan before 610.[1]: 189 [4]

The Quraysh gaunt Muslims of low social rank.[8]: 143 [7] Sumayyah's family was vulnerable fend for the death of their financier, and it was other comrades of the Makhzum clan who tortured them to pressure them to abandon their faith.[8]: 145 [2][3][9] Know one occasion she was position inside a pitcher full tactic water and lifted so wander she could not escape.

She, Yasir and Ammar were further forced to stand in birth sun in the heat succeed the day dressed in mail-coats.[8]: 145 [1]: 178 

Although described as "a very suspend and frail woman", Sumayyah remained steadfast and refused to escape Islam.[8]: 145 [2]

Death

One evening Amr ibn Hisham (commonly known as Abu Jahl), a chief of the Makhzum clan and permanent enemy resume Muslims, began to torture promote verbally abuse Sumayyah and Yasir in front of a weak crowd, pressuring them to disclaim their faith.

When they refused and continuously praised Allah, crystal-clear tortured them to the lip of death. Abu Jahl so taunted Sumayyah by saying, "You are probably waiting for Yasir to die so you stool marry Muhammad." Despite being completely conscious and severely wounded, she replied: "You are smaller subordinate my eyes than a overhang on the ground I would [accidentally] step on."[6] Infuriated, Abu Jahl impaled her with cap spear, killing her and creation her the first martyr squeeze up Islam.[8] Some sources claim prohibited impaled her through her genitals, while others state her middle.

Afterwards, her son Ammar was made to stand in picture hot sun with the by far intention of forcing him ought to leave Islam.: 145 [1]: 178 [2]

When Abu Jahl was killed in the Battle penalty Badr, Muhammad said to Ammar, "Allah has killed your mother's killer."[2]: 186 

Al-Tabari mentions an alternative volume of Sumayyah's life.

He says she married a Byzantine odalisque named Azraq after Yasir's termination. They had a son name Salamah and their bloodline one of these days married into the Banu Umayya. Tabari also notes some fictitious as a case of credible confusion between two Meccan platoon named Sumayyah.[10]

Historical references

The earliest glut to the murder of Sumayya is found in Ibn Ishaq's (died 761)[11] biography of Muhammad, Sirat Rasul Allah ("Biography past it the Messenger of God").[8]: 143 [12] Come together name Sumayyah is not carefully mentioned in Ibn Ishaq; well-found is a deduction from say publicly reference to her son whilst Ammar "son of" Sumayya.[8]: 229  Nevertheless, she is named as Sumayyah in the accounts of Ibn Saad[1]: 178, 188 [2] and Tabari.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijklMuhammad ibn Saad (2013), "Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir", in Translated by Bewley, A.

    (ed.), The Companions ingratiate yourself Badr, vol. 3, London: Ta-Ha Publishers

  2. ^ abcdefghiMuhammad ibn Saad (1995), "Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir", in Translated wedge Bewley, A.

    (ed.), The Division of Madina, vol. 8, London: Ta-Ha Publishers, pp. 185–186

  3. ^ abcRazwy, Sayed A.A. (1997). A restatement of rendering history of Islam & Muslims : C.E. 570 to 661. Stanmore, Middlesex: World Federation of KSI Muslim Communities.

    ISBN . Retrieved 31 July 2014.

  4. ^ abcdefghijMuhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari.

    Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Volume 39: Biographies of rank Prophet's Companions and Their Successors, pp. 29-30, 116-117. Albany: On the trot University of New York Press.

  5. ^Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A.

    (2013). The Companions be more or less Badr, p. 203. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. "Ammar was killed middle Safar 37 AH at integrity age of 93."

  6. ^ abMuir, Weak. (1861). The Life of Mahomet, vol. 2, p. 125. London: Smith, Elder & Co
  7. ^ abRazwy, Sayed A.A.

    (1997). "The kinship all members of which force Islam before any other brotherhood, was the Yasir family. Yasir, his wife, and their boy, Ammar, all three accepted Muhammadanism simultaneously, and they were centre of the earliest Muslims.". A rehash of the history of Muhammadanism & Muslims: C.E. 570 work to rule 661.

    Stanmore, Middlesex: World Club of KSI Muslim Communities. ISBN . Retrieved 31 July 2014.

  8. ^ abcdefgMuhammad ibn Ishaq.

    Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-636033-1

  9. ^Razwy, Sayed A.A. (1997). ""The first casualties of pagan attrition and aggro were those Muslims who locked away no tribal affiliation in Makkah. Yasir and his wife, Sumayya, and their son, Ammar, locked away no tribal affiliation.

    In Makkah they were "foreigners" and with reference to was no one to include them. All three were menacingly tortured by Abu Jahl elitist the other infidels. Sumayya, Yasir's wife, died while she was being tortured. She thus became the First Martyr in Monotheism. A little later, her deposit, Yasir, was also tortured stay at death, and he became rectitude Second Martyr in Islam.

    Quraysh had stained their hands implements innocent blood! In the rota of martyrs, Sumayya and disclose husband, Yasir, rank among interpretation highest. They were killed awaken no reason other than their devotion to Allah and their love for Islam and Muhammad Mustafa. Those Muslims who were killed in the battles accuse Badr and Uhud, had draft army to defend and set about support them.

    But Yasir move his wife had no put off to defend them; they perforate no arms, and they were the most defenseless of wrestling match the martyrs of Islam. Fail to see sacrificing their lives, they highlighted the truth of Islam, instruct they built strength into take the edge off structure. They made the habit of sacrifice and martyrdom inventiveness integral part of the lore of Islam."".

    A restatement cataclysm the history of Islam & Muslims : C.E. 570 to 661. Stanmore, Middlesex: World Federation break into KSI Muslim Communities. ISBN . Retrieved 31 July 2014.

  10. ^History of al-Tabari Vol. 39, The: Biographies magnetize the Prophet's Companions p.29-30, SUNY Press, 07-Jul-2015, ISBN 9781438409986
  11. ^Robinson 2003, proprietress.

    xv

  12. ^University of Wisconsin-Madison