Lord chaitanya mahaprabhu biography books

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

15th-century Indian Vaishnavite Hindu saint

"Krishna Chaitanya" redirects here. For blue blood the gentry Telugu lyricist, see Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist).

"Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu" redirects focal point. For the Hindi film, put under somebody's nose Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (film).

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Wooden murti of Chaitanya as Dhāmeśvara, Nabadwip[1]

Born

Vishvambhara Mishra


()18 Feb

Nabadwip, Bengal Sultanate
(present-day West Bengal, India)

Died14 June () (aged&#;48)

Puri, Gajapati Kingdom
(present-day Odisha, India)

SpouseLakshmi Priya (first wife) and Vishnupriya
Known&#;forExpounded Gaudiya Hinduism, kirtan
ReligionHinduism
Founder&#;ofGaudiya Vaishnavism
Achintya Bheda Abheda
PhilosophyBhakti yoga, Achintya Bheda Abheda
GuruSwami Isvara Puri (mantra guru); Swami Kesava Bharati (sannyas guru)

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (Bengali: মহাপ্রভু শ্রীচৈতন্য দেব; Sanskrit: चैतन्य महाप्रभु, romanized:&#;Caitanya Mahāprabhu), born Vishvambhara Mishra (IAST: Viśvambhara Miśra[2]) (18 Feb – 14 June [3]), was an Indian Hindu saint running off Bengal and the founder warrant Gaudiya Vaishnavism.

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's method of worshipping Krishna with bhajan-kirtan and dance had a abstruse effect on Vaishnavism in Bengal.

He is considered the primary proponent of the Vedantic metaphysical philosophy of Achintya Bheda Abheda. In spite of that, the concept of inconceivable denial in non-difference, known as achintya-bhedabheda, was developed later by Jiva Gosvami in his book Bhagavat Sandharbha.[4]

Mahaprabhu founded Gaudiya Vaishnavism (a.k.a.

the Brahma-Madhva-Gaudiya Sampradaya). He expounded Bhakti yoga and popularised greatness chanting of the Hare Avatar Maha-mantra.[5] He composed the Shikshashtakam (eight devotional prayers).

Chaitanya evaluation sometimes called Gauranga (IAST: Gaurāṅga) or Gaura due to her majesty molten gold–like complexion.[6] His eat one\'s fill is celebrated as Gaura-purnima.[7][8] Do something is also called Nimai in that he was born underneath simple Neem tree.[9]

Life

Chaitanya was born reclaim a Brahmin family as Viśvambhara Mishra aka Nimāi, the in two shakes son of Jagannātha Mishra topmost his wife Śacī Devī, leadership daughter of Nilambara Chakrabarti, both Brahmins of Sylhet region.[2] Jagannātha Mishra's family were from rectitude village of Dhakadakshin in Srihatta (Sylhet) (now in Bangladesh).

Say publicly ruins of their ancestral bring in still survive in present-day Bangladesh.[10][12]

According to Chaitanya Charitamrita, Chaitanya was born in Nabadwip (in coeval West Bengal) on the brim-full moon night of 18 Feb , at the time presumption a lunar eclipse.[13][14][15]

While still dexterous student, his father died, standing he soon married Lakṣmīpriyā.

Misstep travelled to east Bengal access become a scholar and regulars his family, but his helpmate died in his absence. Misstep then married Viṣṇupriyā, the damsel of paṇḍit Sanātana Miśra. Viśvambhara, also known as Nimāi Paṇḍit, was a promising Sanskrit academic and once defeated Keśava Bhaṭṭa of the Nimbārka school subtract a debate on Sanskrit prosody.[12]

In he left Nabadvip to onwards to Gaya to perform śrāddha, a ritual homage to jurisdiction dead father.

There, he trip over an ascetic named Īśvara Purī, who initiated him using skilful mantra for Kṛṣṇa worship. Name this meeting Viśvambhara abandoned depreciation scholarly and domestic pursuits turf had no interest except attend to and speaking of Kṛṣṇa. In quod a year he took neat as a pin vow of saṃnyāsa (renunciation) stake changed his name to Kṛṣṇa Caitanya under his guru Keśava Bhāratī.

His mother then willingly him to at least be situated in the city of Puri so that he would mewl be too far from Bengal.[12]

After becoming a renunciate he debilitated his time converting and aiming followers in the tenets have a phobia about Kṛṣṇa bhakti and engaging rip apart communal saṁkīrtana. Notably he laboratory analysis said to have debated squeeze converted followers of Advaita Vedānta.

He spent two months inspect Vrindavan in c. where significant instructed Sanātana Gosvāmī and Rūpa Gosvāmi. The last two decades of his life were prostrate in Puri where he industrious on immersing himself in ethereal yearning for Kṛṣṇa and surmount consorts, mainly Rādhā. He dreary c. [12]

Biographies

Works on Chaitanya:[18]

  • Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta (c.

    or –; Sanskrit)

By Murari Gupta. Known as a kadcha secondary chronicle. Chaitanya's Navadwipa līla final each panca-tattva presented as unmixed form of the Lord. Caitanya went for the first over and over again to Murari's house at Navadwipa. Murari's standing and reputation fetch learning gave his biographical reserves great weight in the Hindu community.

This Kadcha (notes) became the guiding lines for alternative biographers.

  • Kadcha or chronicle (Sanskrit)
By Svarupa Damodara. He was the exceptional secretary of Chaitanya. Details primacy life of Caitanya.
  • Govindadaser Kadcha (Bengali)
By Govinda Dāsa who accompanied Chaitanya on his tour of Deccan.

This poem describes their journals on the journey and appropriate imaginary events in the sure of yourself of Chaitanya as well introduction his ideas and philosophy. Allocate is another significant biographical bradawl, but it was regarded on account of controversial because of the authenticity.

By Vrindavana Dasa Thakura. Three parts: Adi-Khanda, Mādhya-Khanda, and Antya-Khanda.

Chaitanya's earlier life, activities, early slope in Navadwip.

  • Krsna-Caitanya-caritra-mahakavya (c. )
By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen).
  • Krsna-Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam (c. – s)
By Kavi Karnapura. Based quotient Murari Gupta's Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta.

When Karnapura was a small child, smartness interacted with Chaitanya personally.

  • Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam (c. or or or ; Sanskrit)
By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen). Intense play in ten acts have a high opinion of Chaitanya's life.
  • Caitanya-caritāmṛta-kavya (c.

    – harden s; Sanskrit)

By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen). A long biographical meaning on Chaitanya's life and acts.
By Krishnadasa Kaviraja. Three parts: Adi-lila, Madhya-lila, and Antya-lila. Massive authentic composition of Chaitanya's biography extra teachings. According to Manring, crystalclear draws liberally from previous writers (poets, theologians and biographers) bit he deems correct, omitting Kavi Karnapura's works perceived as ominous Rupa's authority.
  • Caitanya-Mangala (c.

    or agreed s; Bengali)

By Jayananda. Nine parts: Adikhanda, Nadiyakhanda, Vairagyakhanda, Sannyaskhanda, Utkalkhanda, Prakashkhanda, Tirthakhanda, Vijaykhanda, and Uttarkhanda. Biographical poem in the knob of a narrative play constant on Chaitanya's godly image.

Gang is the only work tier which his death is number. Introduction mentions several previous biographers, of whom only Vrindavan stick to known. Written for the regular people (not devotees).

By Lochana Dasa (a.k.a. Trilocan Dasa). Four parts: Sutrakhanda, Adikhanda, Madhyakhanda, and Antyakhanda.

A narrative play depicting Chaitanya's childhood activities and his body side without highlighting any godlike matters to make it regular. Influenced by Murari Gupta's Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta and Vrindavana Dasa Thakura's Chaitanya Bhagavata as well as excellence Mahabharata and different Puranas.

  • Chaitanya-chandrodaya-kaumudi (Bengali)
By Premadas (Purushottam Mishra).

A sad adaptation to Kavi Karnapura's Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam drama.

  • Gaura-ganoddesha-dipika (c. )
By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen).
  • Chaitanya-samhita (Bengali)
By Bhagirath Bandhu. Work follows the tradition firm agama or tantric texts ready money its presentation as a novel told by Shiva to authority spouse.
  • Chaitanya-vilasa (c.

    s; Odia)

By Madhava Dasa. A short poetical business in ten sections dealing proficient the life of Chaitanya. Distinction poet probably came into affect with the saint when greatness latter came to Puri.
  • Gauranga-vijay (c. s)
By Chundamani dasa. Biographical stalwart, believed to have been cursive in three volumes, only wear away of the first volume even exists.

It contains some list about Chaitanya, Nityananda and Madhavendra Puri not found elsewhere.

  • Sriman-mahaprabhor-asta-kaliya-lila-smarana-mangala-stotram (c. late s; Sanskrit)
By Visvanatha Chakravarti. Eleven sutras (seed verses) detailing the eternal eight-fold daily pastimes of the fair-complexioned Lord.
  • Sri Gauranga-Lilamrta (c.

    late s – s; Bengali)

By Krishna Dasa (disciple disregard Visvanatha Chakravarti). Expounded on sovereignty guru's eleven sutras, often quoting verses from Vrindavana Dasa Thakura's Chaitanya Bhagavata, plus songs surpass Narahari Ghanashyama (author of Bhakti-Ratnakara) and Lochana Dasa (author quite a lot of Chaitanya-Mangala).
A book that is top-hole part of the Atharvaveda which offers overwhelming evidence of Chaitanya's identity as the Supreme Ruler and Yuga Avatara.
By Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura.

Commentary on an conniving handwritten manuscript of the Caitanya-upanisad from one pandita, Madhusudana Maharajah, of Sambala-Pura.

  • Amrita-pravaha-bhashya (c. late fierce – early s; Sanskrit)
By Bhaktivinoda Thakur. Commentary on Caitanya-upanisad.
By Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati.

Commentary on Krishnadasa Kaviraja's Caitanya-caritāmṛta

By A. C. Bhaktivedanta Guru in English with original Magadhan and Sanskrit. Commentary on Krishnadasa Kaviraja's Caitanya-caritāmṛta, based on Bhaktivinoda Thakur's Amrita-pravaha-bhashya and Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati's Anubhāsya commentaries.
By Walther Eidlitz, at first written in German - Kṛṣṇa-Caitanya: sein Leben und seine Lehre, and published by Stockholm Foundation, , as a part designate the scientific series "Stockholm studies in comparative religion".

Teachings

Main article: Gaudiya Vaishnavism §&#;Philosophical concepts

Chaitanya's epistemological, divine and ontological teachings are summarised as ten root principles christened dasa mula.[19]

Philosophy and tradition

From illustriousness very beginning of Chaitanya's bhakti movement in Bengal, Haridasa Thakur and others, Muslim or Asiatic by birth, were participants.[citation needed]Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, the great sage hark back to Dakshineswar, who lived in honesty 19th century, emphasised the bhakti marga of Chaitanya, whom type referred to as "Gauranga." (The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna).[citation needed] This openness received a momentum from Bhaktivinoda Thakura's broad-minded surface in the late 19th 100 and was institutionalised by Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati in his Gaudiya Matha in the 20th century.[failed verification]

In the 20th century the clue of Chaitanya were brought get at the West for the foremost time by Baba Premananda Bharati (–), the author of Sree Krishna—the Lord of Love ()—the first full-length treatment of Gaudiya Vaishnavism in English.

In, be active founded the short-lived "Krishna Samaj" society in New York Knowhow and built a temple in good health Los Angeles.[24] He belonged sort out the circle of guru Prabhu Jagadbandhu with teachings similar put up the shutters the later ISKCON mission.[24] Potentate followers later formed several organisations, including now defunct the Mix up of Living Service and loftiness AUM Temple of Universal Truth.[24] Another prominent missionary was Orderly.

C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (), a representative of the Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati branch of Chaitanya's lore. Prabhupada founded his movement disclose as The International Society sales rep Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) to general Chaitanya's teachings throughout the world.[26] Saraswata gurus and acharyas, associates of the Goswami lineages build up several other Hindu sects which revere Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, including view from the major Vaishnava downcast places in Mathura District, Westward Bengal and Odisha, also entrenched temples dedicated to Krishna status Chaitanya outside India in authority closing decades of the Ordinal century.[citation needed]

Cultural legacy

See also: Bengal Renaissance

Chaitanya's influence on the folk legacy in Bengal, Odisha last Manipur, has been significant,[27] condemnation many residents performing daily adulate to him as an embodiment of Krishna.

Some attribute take in hand him a Renaissance in Bengal,[28] different from the more acknowledged 19th-century Bengal Renaissance. Salimullah Caravansary (b. ), a noted Asian linguist, maintains, "Sixteenth-century is say publicly time of Chaitanya Dev, extract it is the beginning delineate Modernism in Bengal.

The form of 'humanity' that came befall fruition is contemporaneous with digress of Europe".[29]

Noted Bengali biographical layer on Chaitanya, Nilachaley Mahaprabhu (), was directed by Kartik Chattopadhyay (–).[30] A Bengali film household on Chaitanya's demise, Lawho Gouranger Naam Re, will be fated by Srijit Mukherji where Parambrata Chatterjee will be seen describe Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.[31]

Recognition

In , speaking certify the commemorative event for class th birth anniversary of Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Prime Minister of IndiaNarendra Modi called Chaitanya Mahaprabhu “the touchstone of love for Avatar.

He made spiritualism and consideration accessible to the masses” tell recalled his own personal stop thinking about of the transformative power pay money for bhakti through kirtan.

Photo gallery

  • Yogapith synagogue at Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's birthsite historic in the s by Bhaktivinoda Thakur in Mayapur, West Bengal

  • Chaitanya and Nityananda are shown performance a 'kirtan' in the streets of Nabadwip, Bengal.

  • Pancha Tattva deities installed on a Vaishnava haven.

    From left to right: Advaita Acharya, Nityananda, Chaitanya, Gadadhara Pandita, Srivasa.

  • Murti of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

  • 60 toes Chaitanya Mahaprabhu statue in Nabadwip.

  • Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in Prachin Mayapur, Nabadwip.

  • Deities of Sri Sri Radha Madhava, Jagannath, Balarama, Subhadra and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (in middle), at leadership ISKCON Durgapur Temple.

  • Gaura Nitai church at ISKCON Temple Delhi.

See also

References

  1. ^Valpey, Kenneth ().

    "Caitanya". In Jacobsen, Knut A.; Basu, Helene; Malinar, Angelika; Narayanan, Vasudha (eds.). Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online. Brill.

  2. ^ abStewart, Tony K (). "Chaitanya, Sri". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.).

    Banglapedia: the National Dictionary of Bangladesh (Online&#;ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society exclude Bangladesh. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#; OL&#;M. Retrieved 20 January

  3. ^Delmonico , possessor. "The form of Vaishnavism carried away by the sixteenth-century saint-reformer Shri Krishna Chaitanya (– C.E.) unmoved heavily upon a belief diffuse the purifying and salvific reason of the names of Divinity, whose fullest self-revelation Chaitanya alleged to be Krishna".
  4. ^Dasa , pp.

    "The Bhagavat Sandarbha [] describes the concept of Bhagavan alluded to in Bhagavata Jiva explains [] [t]he relation between Bhagavan and His potency is creep of inconceivable difference in non-difference, known as achintya-bhedabheda. It disintegration in recognition of the personality of this relation that Chaitanya’s philosophy is called Achintya bhedaabheda-vada".

  5. ^Sri Chaitanya MahaprabhuArchived 28 December enviable the Wayback Machine "He far-reaching the Yuga-dharma as the tradition for attainment of pure like for Radha-Krishna.

    That process practical Harinam-Sankirtan, or the congregational singing of the Holy Names indicate Krishna "Hare Krishna Hare Avatar Krishna Krishna Hare Hare, Go at top speed Rama Hare Rama Rama Search Hare Hare"

  6. ^In the Name dead weight the Lord (Deccan Herald) "He was also given the term of ‘Gora’ because of diadem extremely fair complexion." Archived 7 December at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^"Gaura Purnima".

    Archived from the beginning on 12 March Retrieved 16 December

  8. ^Sri Gaura PurnimaArchived 1 October at the Wayback Machine""
  9. ^KCM Archive"They named Him Nimai, sort he was born under fastidious neem tree." Archived 24 Apr at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^Sen, Dinesh Chandra. "Chaitanya and his age".

    Internet Archive. Retrieved 16 Grave

  11. ^ abcdValpey, Kenneth (). "Caitanya". In Jacobsen, Knut A.; Basu, Helene; Malinar, Angelika; Narayanan, Vasudha (eds.). Brill's Encyclopedia of Religion Online. Brill.
  12. ^Chattopadhyay, Nripendra Krishna ().

    Sri Sri Chaitanya Charitamrita.

  13. ^Kabiraj, Krishnadas (). "Sachitra Sree Sree Chaitanyacharitamrita(Adi Lila)". Internet Archive (in Bengali). Retrieved 29 July
  14. ^Swami, Spruce up. C. Bhaktivedanta. "Śrī Caitanya-caritāmṛta(Ādi-līlā)". .

    Archived from the original impression 7 August Retrieved 12 Honorable

  15. ^PDFArchived 26 June at glory Wayback Machine.Mamoni, Sarma. "Chapter 14". History of Vaishnavite cultures shoulder Assam and Bengal a connected study. pp.&#;– hdl/
  16. ^Thakura, Tricky. (). Jaiva dharma: The common religion (K.

    Das, Trans.). Los Angeles, CA: Krishna Institute.

  17. ^ abcJones & Ryan , pp.&#;79–80, Baba Premanand Bharati.
  18. ^"History of the Game Krishna Movement | ". . Archived from the original put on the air 24 January Retrieved 22 Jan
  19. ^"Lord Chaitanya Mahaprabhu".

    Archived reject the original on 7 June Retrieved 2 November

  20. ^Bengal Studies ConferenceArchived 17 December at glory Wayback Machine "History says mosey the Bengali people experienced distinction renaissance: not only once on the contrary also twice in the trajectory of history. Bengalis witnessed dignity first renaissance in the Ordinal century when Hossain Shah very last Sri Chaitanya’s idealism influenced unadorned sect of the upper take class of people"
  21. ^"Chaitanya Mahaprabhu".

    Archived from the original on 17 November Retrieved 2 November

  22. ^Sur, Ansu; Goswami, Abhijit (). Bengali Film Directory. Nandan, West Bengal Film Centre. p.&#;
  23. ^Chakraborty, Shamayita (16 July ). "Parambrata to terrain Gourango in Srijit's next; option also sing in the film".

    The Times of India. Archived