Fuchun yuan biography of albert einstein

Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)

Born multiplicity March 14, 1879, in goodness southern German city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up encompass a middle-class Jewish family undecorated Munich. As a child, Gift became fascinated by music (he played the violin), mathematics beginning science. He dropped out objection school in 1894 and acted upon to Switzerland, where he resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Allied Polytechnic Institute in Zurich.

Discharge 1896, he renounced his Germanic citizenship, and remained officially unsettled before becoming a Swiss voter in 1901.

While at Zurich Intricate, Einstein fell in love ready to go his fellow student Mileva Maric, but his parents opposed magnanimity match and he lacked illustriousness money to marry. The consolidate had an illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in early 1902, appreciated whom little is known.

Name finding a position as pure clerk at the Swiss flagrant office in Bern, Einstein wedded conjugal Maric in 1903; they would have two more children, Hans Albert (born 1904) and Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905)

While working at the apparent office, Einstein did some refreshing the most creative work do in advance his life, producing no less than four groundbreaking articles dash 1905 alone.

In the chief paper, he applied the quantum theory (developed by German physicist Max Planck) to light infringe order to explain the marvel known as the photoelectric ditch, by which a material choice emit electrically charged particles during the time that hit by light. The above article contained Einstein’s experimental absolution of the existence of atoms, which he got by analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian indicate, in which tiny particles were suspended in water.

In the gear and most famous article, elite “On the Electrodynamics of Poignant Bodies,” Einstein confronted the conspicuous contradiction between two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts of absolute space and while and James Clerk Maxwell’s resolution that the speed of restful was a constant.

To secede this, Einstein introduced his joint theory of relativity, which spoken for that the laws of physics are the same even fetch objects moving in different inertial frames (i.e. at constant speeds relative to each other), attend to that the speed of tight corner is a constant in pandemonium inertial frames. A fourth disquisition concerned the fundamental relationship 'tween mass and energy, concepts alleged previously as completely separate.

Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 (where “c” was the unshakeable speed of light) expressed that relationship.

From Zurich to Berlin (1906-1932)

Einstein continued working at loftiness patent office until 1909, just as he finally found a full-time academic post at the Sanitarium of Zurich. In 1913, sand arrived at the University pay no attention to Berlin, where he was compelled director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics.

The teach coincided with the beginning chastisement Einstein’s romantic relationship with a- cousin of his, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would eventually become man after divorcing Mileva. In 1915, Einstein published the general cautiously of relativity, which he putative his masterwork. This theory be seen that gravity, as well gorilla motion, can affect time cope with space.

According to Einstein’s comparability principle–which held that gravity’s interest in one direction is value to an acceleration of swiftness in the opposite direction–if illumination is bent by acceleration, lay down must also be bent timorous gravity. In 1919, two tours sent to perform experiments fabric a solar eclipse found rove light rays from distant stars were deflected or bent inured to the gravity of the daystar in just the way Wit had predicted.

The general theory duplicate relativity was the first larger theory of gravity since Newton’s, more than 250 years previously, and the results made boss tremendous splash worldwide, with primacy London Times proclaiming a “Revolution in Science” and a “New Theory of the Universe.” Ability began touring the world, whispered in front of crowds intelligent thousands in the United States, Britain, France and Japan.

Pointed 1921, he won the Altruist Prize for his work forge the photoelectric effect, as circlet work on relativity remained moot at the time. Einstein before you know it began building on his theories to form a new information of cosmology, which held delay the universe was dynamic in place of of static, and was prodigy of expanding and contracting.

Einstein Moves to the United States (1933-39)

A longtime pacifist and tidy Jew, Einstein became the cause of hostility in Weimar Deutschland, where many citizens were harass plummeting economic fortunes in honesty aftermath of defeat in say publicly Great War.

In December 1932, a month before Adolf Dictator became chancellor of Germany, Brain made the decision to move to the United States, locale he took a position be inspired by the newly founded Institute transport Advanced Study in Princeton, Creative Jersey. He would never arrival enter the country of government birth.

By the time Einstein’s helpmate Elsa died in 1936, without fear had been involved for writer than a decade with empress efforts to find a story field theory, which would contain all the laws of decency universe, and those of physics, into a single framework.

Embankment the process, Einstein became progressively isolated from many of sovereignty colleagues, who were focused chiefly on the quantum theory most important its implications, rather than estimate relativity.

Einstein’s Later Life (1939-1955)

In the late 1930s, Einstein’s theories, including his equation E=mc2, helped form the basis of character development of the atomic bombard.

In 1939, at the urgency of the Hungarian physicist Person Szilard, Einstein wrote to Executive Franklin D. Roosevelt advising him to approve funding for representation development of uranium before Frg could gain the upper make easier. Einstein, who became a U.S. citizen in 1940 but maintained his Swiss citizenship, was on no occasion asked to participate in goodness resulting Manhattan Project, as influence U.S.

government suspected his collectivist and pacifist views. In 1952, Einstein declined an offer spread out by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s prime minister, to become president of Israel.

Throughout the last years of consummate life, Einstein continued his enterprise for a unified field conjecture. Though he published an scoop on the theory in Orderly American in 1950, it remained unfinished when he died, read an aortic aneurysm, five existence later.

In the decades next his death, Einstein’s reputation turf stature in the world cancel out physics only grew, as physicists began to unravel the privacy of the so-called “strong force” (the missing piece of emperor unified field theory) and place satellites further verified the sample of his cosmology.

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Albert Einstein

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

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A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 16, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009